溴隐停对惠州麻肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

研究目的在于探讨多巴胺受体激动剂(溴隐停)对地方良种肉鸡繁殖性能的影响。方法从628只28周龄健康的“惠州麻”黄羽肉种鸡群中随机选取1组鸡笼内的40鸡作为实验组,其余的作为对照组。实验组鸡群喂服溴隐停,每只鸡每天1.25mg,连用4d,停用4d后再用4d,对照组不使用。结果在4周的实验期内实验组和对照组的产蛋率分别为83.86%和69.96%;破蛋率分别为1.28%和1.69%,畸形蛋率分别为4.33%和1.19%;实验组平均每只鸡的产蛋总数比对照组多3.89个、合格种蛋数多3.26个;药物处理对平均蛋重无显著影响;使用溴隐停能够提高鸡血液中的雌激素水平。结论溴隐停能够通过抑制地方良种肉鸡体内促乳素的合成与分泌,减少抱窝现象的发生,提高其繁殖性能。     

人工圈养对短尾猴的影响初报

比较安徽黄山鱼鳞坑群短尾猴人工圈养前后的种群生态学和行为学资料表明，人工圈养：（１）降低了个体的迁入率和迁出率，增加了幼体的出生率和幼体死亡率，结果使种群的年平均增长率下降；（２）加速了猴群的分群进程；（３）使个体间的友好行为频率下降，社会联系减弱；同时，攻击行为频率上升，导致群体结构松散。文中分析了人工圈养中人工投饵、人为地限制猴群活动空间范围和游人对上述诸问题的影响机制，并提出了改善和加强管理的措施。     

Rapid growth of magnesium-carbonate weathering products in a stony meteorite from antarctica

Nesquehonite, a hydrous magnesium carbonate, occurs as a weathering product on the surface of the Antarctic meteorite LEW 85320(H5 chondrite). Antarctic meteorites have resided on the earth for periods of 10(4) to 10(6) years, but the time needed for weathering products to form has been uncertain. Isotopic measurements of delta(13)C and delta(18)O indicate that the nesquehonite formed at near freezing temperatures by reaction of meteoritic minerals with terrestrial water and carbon dioxide. Results from carbon-14 dating suggest that, although the meteorite has been in Antarctica for at least 3.2 x 10(4) to 3.3 x 10(4) years, the nesquehonite formed after A.D.1950.     

Effects of breed, diet and sex on the alkaline phosphatase activity in walls of the bovine rumen and abomasum

Alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity in tissue samples, with adherent bacteria, was measured from two sites in the rumen and from two sites in the abomasum of 57 yearling Angus and Hereford bulls and heifers fed a high or a low energy diet. In the rumen, APase activity was higher at the caudoventral blind sac than at the dorsal sac in animals of both breeds fed the high energy diet and in Angus bulls fed the low energy diet, but the reverse was observed in Hereford bulls fed the low-energy diet (P less than .01). In the abomasum, APase levels were higher for bulls than heifers (P less than .01) and higher at the fundic than at the pyloric region (P less than .01). Morphological studies also showed that rumen samples from animals fed a high energy diet exhibited a more widely distributed APase activity and an increase in the digestive recycling of epithelial cells that produced some "pitting" of the tissue. The higher APase activity of the epithelial tissue of animals fed the high energy diet may be explained by the greater rate of cell death and renewal indicated by the higher mitotic index reported by other researchers who have studied the cell cycle of the rumen epithelium in ruminants fed high and low energy diets.     

海南油棕果腐病的病原鉴定及发病条件的研究

三年来作者对于幼龄結果油棕的果穗和果实腐烂的症状、分布、蔓延为害,其发生条件和栽培管理的关系进行了詳細的調查和观察,并进行了病原分离、培养、田间人工接种和試探性化学保护等試驗。同时对果实离层組織的形成进行了切片检查。 結果指出海南十二个地区的幼龄结实棕园普遍出現的花、果、穗腐与环境条件和栽培管理有密切关系。果腐是果实离体后从蒂部組織开始的。从腐果組織中經常可以分离到細菌、炭疽菌和鐮刀菌。多次田間接种証明这些菌对健康果实和果穗均无致病能力。大田喷药无效。看来,油棕果腐病是由于环境坏、管理差的条件下,未成熟或接近成熟的果实产生离层而与果柄分离,再由外界杂菌腐食脫果而致腐烂。可見,本病是屬于非侵染性的生理病害。     

南昌近郊辣椒两种炭疽病菌的初步研究

1962年秋,作者等在南昌近郊,从感病长果种辣椒的果上,分离到两种炭疽病菌。一种分生孢子为椭圓形(以下簡称G菌),病斑圆形或椭圓形,凹陷,灰綠色或黄色,以后变棕色。另一种分生孢子为鐮刀形(以下簡称V菌),病斑不定形,暗棕色至黑色。这两种病菌,在馬鈴薯、洋菜培养基上都能形成孢子,且对辣椒都有寄生性。     

颗粒剂防治玉米钻心虫的研究

1962年在北京夏玉米上用顆粒剂防治玉米钻心虫的結果表明:心叶末期施5％DDT顆粒剂,防治一次,每株2克,在一般年份,从产量上来看是很有利的。同时对药剂残效,幼虫在玉米不同生育期植株上的分布,以及顆粒剂在心叶期施药至抽雄后在植株上的分布测定,并結合顆粒剂小区防治試驗。分析結果说明:心叶末期施药,影响药效的主要原因,不是5％DDT残效的問題,而是抽雄后药剂在植株上部分布較少,尤其是包在雄穗节外的第一叶腋没有药,而此时期,幼虫在植株上部分布較多,同时DDT速效也不如666。     

Altered adenosine triphosphatase activities in pigs with naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether myocardial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were reduced in pigs with naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The selection of hearts for the HCM and the normal control groups depended on histological examination. Specific ATPase activity and 5-nucleotidase activity were measured in left ventricular myocardium obtained from HCM (n=7) and normal control (n=7) animals. The histological features of HCM included marked disorientation of muscle cells, thickening of the intramural coronary arterial wall with a narrowed lumen, endocardial fibrosis and myocardial fibrosis. The HCM group showed significant increases in both heart weight (32%) and heart weight to body weight ratio (46%). The total ATPase activity in crude homogenates from the HCM group was significantly decreased by 16%. Azide-sensitive ATPase (mitochondrial ATPase) activity, ouabain-sensitive ATPase (Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase) activity, basal Mg²⁺-ATPase activity and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity were all significantly decreased by 18%, 30%, 20% and 50%, respectively. In contrast, no significant decrease was found in the mean values for 5-nucleotidase activity. These results suggest that myocardial ATPase activities are suppressed in pigs with naturally occurring HCMAbbreviations ATP adenosine triphosphate - gww grams wet weight - HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Pi inorganic phosphate     

The in vivo sensitivity of ATPases to DDT,DDE, and physical immobilization in American cockroaches

American cockroaches injected with sublethal doses of DDT (0.75 μg/roach) at 5-day intervals showed a 40% reduction in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase from muscle homogenates, and a 23% reduction of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase from nerve cords. Thus, the maximum effect measured occurred with the same enzyme and tissue as determined from in vitro studies. The metabolite, DDE, used at 15 μg per roach, gave no significant change in activity of the ATPase system following injection. In contrast, high single doses of DDT (7.5 μg/roach) and 100 μg DDE and dicofol per roach caused over 30% increase in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase of muscle and a 10–15% increase in Na⁺-K⁺ATPase of nerve cords measured 24 and 48 hr later. While a similar response was observed for Mg²⁺ATPase activities in cockroaches that were immobilized, the increase in enzyme activities were much greater than that caused by the pesticides.